Technology Heritage

Propellantless Propulsion

CUA has developed multiple solar and drag sail technologies. A major advantage of a “propellantless” solar sail is that the need for a relatively massive and expensive propulsive device is avoided.

Drag sail technologies can also take advantage of propellantless solar sail technology at higher altitude and then ultmately utilize aerodynamic forces to drag a spacecraft down to burn up in the Earth's atmosphere.

Drag sail technology has been challenged by the fact that the acceleration of the sheer volume and size of the satellites and constellations of satellites being launched, which has increased the likelihood of collisions mid-orbit with the drag sails. The length of the extended sail and their inability to navigate out of the path of a projected collision complicates the matter, making propulsion systems a safer bet.

Advantages of sail technology include:

Propellantless propulsion – solar photons provide thrust

Solar sails enable very high payload mass fractions greater than 50%

Drag sails utilize aerodynamic forces for deorbiting

Attitude control systems can “tack” sail(s) to provide trajectory change

CubeSail

CUA designed and built CubeSail, a system of two 1.5U CubeSat satellites which is highly scalable. This project was selected to receive NASA CubeSat Launch Initiative support from NASA’s Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate. CubeSail mission goals are successful sail deployment, attitude control, and deorbit.

CubeSail was launched in Dec. 2018, but communication was never established. While the specific cause is uncertain, our best assessment is that the radios failed once in orbit. For more detailed information about CubeSail and its mission check out the CubeSail website.

I-Sail

CUA’s I-Sail concept is a 38 kilogram UltraSail demonstrator spacecraft with 3,800 square meters. I-Sail represents the next stage of risk reduction for the UltraSail technology prior to full-scale interplanetary development. A down-scaled version of the Heliostorm warning mission is recommended for the I-Sail demonstrator.

UltraSail

This technology represents a next-generation high-risk, high-payoff solar sail system for the launch, deployment, stabilization and control of very large (square kilometer class) solar sails, enabling very high payload mass fractions for interplanetary and deep space spacecraft.

UltraSail is an innovative, non-traditional approach to propulsion technology achieved by combining microsatellite propulsion and control systems with an innovative solar sail architecture using reel storage to achieve controllable sail areas approaching 1 km^2, sail subsystem areal densities < 5 g/m^2, and thrust levels many times those of ion thrusters used for comparable deep space missions.

CubeSail-D (DragSail)

CUA designed a system of 6U CubeSat concept called CubeSail-D, based upon CubeSail concepts, but with a focus on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) for deorbit (drag) capabilities. A unique feature of the CubeSail-D design is its ability to control the solar sail blade pitch and therefore enable deorbiting thrust from solar photon pressure, not just aerodynamic drag. This capability of CubeSail-D becomes progressively more important at higher altitudes and critical above 1000 kilometers.

A. Pukniel, V. Coverstone, R. L. Burton, D. L. Carroll, “The dynamics and control of the CubeSail mission: A solar sailing demonstration”, Journal of Advanced Space Research, Vol. 48, No., pp. 1902-1910, DOI 10.1016/j.asr.2011.07.014, (2011)

R. L. Burton, V. Coverstone, J. Hargens-Rysanek, K. Ertmer, T. Botter, G. F. Benavides, B. Woo, D. L. Carroll, P. Gierow, G. Farmer, J. M. Cardin, “UltraSail - Ultra-Lightweight Solar Sail Concept”, 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, AIAA Paper 2005-4117, Tucson, Arizona, Jul 10-13, 2005, AIAA Paper 2005-4117, Vol., No., pp., DOI n/a, (2005)

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